{"id":261,"date":"2011-05-02T19:19:04","date_gmt":"2011-05-02T11:19:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ritawu.me\/blog\/?p=261"},"modified":"2016-04-26T01:15:34","modified_gmt":"2016-04-26T05:15:34","slug":"wishful-thinking-in-us-foreign-policy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/ritawu.me\/blog\/2011\/05\/wishful-thinking-in-us-foreign-policy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u8bd1\u3011\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\uff1a\u60f3\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b66\u6559\u6388<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stephen_Walt\" target=\"_blank\">Stephen M.\u00a0Walt<\/a>\u53d1\u8868\u5728\u300a\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u300b<a href=\"http:\/\/www.foreignpolicy.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">(Foreign Policy)<\/a> \u7f51\u7ad9\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7<a href=\"http:\/\/www.foreignpolicy.com\/articles\/2011\/04\/29\/wishful_thinking\" target=\"_blank\">\u6587\u7ae0<\/a>\uff0c\u4ece\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Realism_in_international_relations_theory\" target=\"_blank\">(Realism)<\/a>\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u8bc4\u8bba\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u662f\u8bd1\u6587\uff1a<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5bfb\u6c42\u7684\u662f\u6309\u7167\u4e16\u754c\u539f\u6765\u7684\u6837\u5b50\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u53bb\u9664\u4e00\u5207\u653f\u6cbb\u5e7b\u60f3\u3002\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u5f3a\u8c03\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u4eb2\u5bc6\u76df\u53cb\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u6709\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u56fd\u4e0e\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u4f5c\u5f88\u96be\u5b9e\u73b0\u6216\u8005\u7ef4\u6301\uff0c\u6050\u60e7\u3001\u8d2a\u5a6a\u548c\u611a\u8822\u5f80\u5f80\u5f71\u54cd\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u9996\u5148\u4f1a\u8b66\u544a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\u5730\u5236\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u8fd8\u4ee5\u4e3a\u4e8b\u60c5\u603b\u662f\u671d\u7740\u6211\u4eec\u5e0c\u671b\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u53d1\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5386\u53f2\u7bc7\u7ae0\u4e2d\u6709\u7684\u662f\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u62b1\u7740\u865a\u5e7b\u7684\u5e0c\u671b\uff0c\u4e0d\u5207\u5b9e\u9645\u7684\u5984\u60f3\u548c\u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u4fe1\u4ef0\u800c\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u51b3\u7b56\u3002\u9057\u61be\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\u5929\u7c7b\u4f3c\u60c5\u51b5\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5c11\u89c1\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\u5c31\u6765\u8bf4\u8bf4\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f53\u4ee3\u5916\u4ea4\u5173\u7cfb\u4e2d\u7684\u5341\u4e2a\u201c\u767d\u65e5\u68a6\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u50cf\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u5927\u56fd\u4e00\u6837<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5916\u4ea4\u4e13\u5bb6\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\u5c06\u5bf9\u4e16\u754c\u653f\u6cbb\u4ea7\u751f\u6df1\u8fdc\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u66fe\u8bbe\u60f3\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u5f3a\u5927\u7684\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u522b\u4e8e\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u90a3\u4e9b\u5927\u56fd\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u5c24\u5176\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e2d\u56fd\u4e50\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e8c\u6218\u540e\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f0f\u7684\u5236\u5ea6\u5b89\u6392\uff0c\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\u5317\u4eac\u5f53\u5c40\u613f\u610f\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7ef4\u6301\u5f53\u524d\u5728\u4e1c\u4e9a\u7684\u5b89\u5168\u6218\u7565\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8bd5\u56fe\u7834\u574f\u5b83\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e0d\u662f\u8fc7\u53bb\u90a3\u4e9b\u5927\u56fd\u7684\u505a\u6d3e\uff0c\u4e5f\u7edd\u4e0d\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u81ea\u8eab\u5d1b\u8d77\u6210\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u56fd\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u4f5c\u6240\u4e3a\uff08\u8fd8\u8bb0\u5f97\u201c\u95e8\u7f57\u4e3b\u4e49\u201d<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Monroe_Doctrine\" target=\"_blank\">(Monroe Doctrine)<\/a>\u5417\uff1f\uff09\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u4e2d\u56fd\u7684\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\u5e7b\u89c9\u6b63\u9010\u6e10\u6d88\u9664\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6709\u653f\u5e9c\u5b98\u5458\u8bf4\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u201c\u6b22\u8fce\u201d\u4e2d\u56fd\u5d1b\u8d77\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2\u3001\u201c\u5927\u68d2\u653f\u7b56\u201d\u4f1a\u5e26\u6765\u5de8\u5927\u5229\u76ca<\/p>\n<p>\u51b7\u6218\u7ed3\u675f\u4ee5\u6765\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u53cd\u590d\u5730\u5938\u5927\u4f7f\u7528\u6b66\u529b\u7684\u6548\u529b\uff0c\u5e76\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u70b9\u6b66\u529b\u5c31\u80fd\u4ea7\u751f\u5de8\u5927\u3001\u53ef\u9884\u671f\u800c\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6709\u76ca\u7ed3\u679c\u30021999\u5e74\uff0c\u514b\u6797\u987f\u653f\u5e9c\u66fe\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u51e0\u5929\u7684\u7a7a\u88ad\u5c31\u80fd\u51fb\u57ae\u5357\u65af\u62c9\u592b\u7c73\u6d1b\u820d\u7ef4\u5947\u653f\u5e9c\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0c\u8f70\u70b8\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u661f\u671f\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u4fc4\u7f57\u65af\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u8c03\u505c\uff0c\u624d\u7ed3\u675f\u4e86\u79d1\u7d22\u6c83\u6218\u4e89\u30022002\u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u4ec0\u653f\u5e9c\u8bbe\u60f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8fc5\u901f\u9a71\u9010\u5854\u5229\u73ed\u5206\u5b50\u6765\u89e3\u51b3\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u5230\u4e862003\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u65b9\u8ba4\u4e3a\u63a8\u7ffb\u8428\u8fbe\u59c6\u653f\u6743\u5c06\u80fd\u5f15\u53d1\u6574\u4e2a\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u6839\u672c\u6027\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u653f\u5e9c\u505a\u51fa\u63d2\u624b\u5229\u6bd4\u4e9a\u4e8b\u52a1\u7684\u51b3\u5b9a\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u8981\u5317\u7ea6\u6295\u8eab\u8fd9\u573a\u51b2\u7a81\u4e2d\uff0c\u5361\u624e\u83f2\u7684\u652f\u6301\u529b\u91cf\u5c31\u4f1a\u8fc5\u901f\u74e6\u89e3\u3002\u5982\u679c\u8fc7\u53bb\u8fd9\u4e9b\u60f3\u6cd5\u90fd\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u56fa\u7136\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8bc1\u660e\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u60f3\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>3\u3001\u5b9e\u73b0\u76ee\u6807\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u592a\u4e45<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd8\u6709\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u201c\u5982\u610f\u7b97\u76d8\u201d\u662f\u8bbe\u60f3\u7279\u5b9a\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u76ee\u6807\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u8fbe\u6210\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u82b1\u592a\u957f\u65f6\u95f4\u5c31\u80fd\u6536\u5230\u5b9e\u6548\u3002\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e00\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u5185\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fc3\u6210\u4e2d\u4e1c\u5730\u533a\u5b9e\u884c\u201c\u4e24\u56fd\u5236\u201d<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Two-state_solution\" target=\"_blank\">(two-state solution)<\/a>\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u4e5f\u76f8\u4fe1\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u603b\u7406\u5185\u5854\u5c3c\u4e9a\u80e1\u9996\u6b21\u8bbf\u7f8e\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u4ed6\u53ea\u8981\u53d1\u8868\u4e00\u4e24\u6b21\u6f14\u8bf4\u6216\u662f\u5c55\u5f00\u5f3a\u786c\u5bf9\u8bdd\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u8bf4\u670d\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u505c\u6b62\u72b9\u592a\u4eba\u5b9a\u5c45\u70b9\u5efa\u8bbe\u3002\u968f\u540e\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u53c8\u5411\u56fd\u6c11\u5ba3\u79f0\uff0c\u589e\u5175\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5c06\u5728\u4e00\u5e74\u5185\u4ea7\u751f\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5411\u4f0a\u6717\u53d1\u9001\u4e00\u4e9b\u53cb\u597d\u7684\u89c6\u9891\u4fe1\u606f\u5c31\u80fd\u7f13\u89e3\u4e24\u56fd\u5173\u7cfb\u7684\u50f5\u5c40\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6cd5\u5b50\u884c\u4e0d\u901a\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u91c7\u53d6\u52a0\u5f3a\u5236\u88c1\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8ba9\u4f0a\u6717\u5c48\u670d\u3002\u603b\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u610f\u7b97\u76d8\u65e0\u5904\u4e0d\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<p>4\u3001\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u4eec\u5429\u5490\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u670b\u53cb\u5c31\u4f1a\u505a\u66f4\u591a<\/p>\n<p>\u8fc7\u53bb\u4e94\u516d\u5341\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u591a\u6b21\u4fc3\u4f7f\u76df\u53cb\u5411\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6216\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u6218\u4e89\u7b49\u5171\u540c\u7684\u8ba1\u5212\u589e\u52a0\u8d21\u732e\uff0c\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u672c\u533a\u57df\u5185\u4e3b\u8981\u4efb\u52a1\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u6295\u5165\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u7ed3\u679c\u9876\u591a\u79f0\u5f97\u4e0a\u7565\u6709\u6210\u6548\u3002\u4f60\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u5728\u5e94\u8be5\u4e86\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u6bcf\u5c4a\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u8fd8\u662f\u7ee7\u7eed\u670d\u4ece\u8fd9\u4e00\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6309\u7167\u96c6\u4f53\u884c\u4e3a\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u76df\u53cb\u901a\u5e38\u4f1a\u9009\u62e9\u8ddf\u98ce\u642d\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4fbf\u8f66\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fd9\u6837\u6bd4\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u6210\u529f\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u6295\u5165\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u8db3\u591f\u4e0e\u7f8e\u56fd\u4fdd\u6301\u6b65\u8c03\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\uff0c\u8ba9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4ed8\u51fa\u66f4\u591a\u53bb\u5427\uff0c\u800c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u7adf\u4e5f\u4efb\u7531\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>5\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u5df2\u7ecf\u6253\u5b8c\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u573a\u4ed7<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u7c7b\u5982\u610f\u7b97\u76d8\u5df2\u662f\u8001\u751f\u5e38\u8c08\u7684\u95ee\u9898\uff1a\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u91cd\u5927\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u7ed3\u675f\u9884\u793a\u7740\u65b0\u7684\u7e41\u8363\u548c\u5e73\u65f6\u4ee3\u5230\u6765\u3002\u4e00\u6218\u662f\u201c\u7ec8\u7ed3\u6240\u6709\u6218\u4e89\u7684\u6218\u4e89\u201d\uff0c\u4e8c\u6218\u5219\u610f\u5473\u7740\u4e16\u754c\u5728\u5b9e\u73b0\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u9053\u8def\u4e0a\u201c\u5b89\u5168\u4e86\u201d\uff0c\u51b7\u6218\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u4ee5\u548c\u5e73\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u201c\u65b0\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u79e9\u5e8f\u201d\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u201c\u5386\u53f2\u7684\u7ec8\u7ed3\u201d\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u79cd\u79cd\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4e00\u65e6\u7f8e\u519b\u5f7b\u5e95\u64a4\u51fa\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u6216\u8005\u67d0\u5929\u4ece\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u64a4\u9000\uff0c\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\uff0c\u8bb8\u591a\u4eba\u5c06\u58f0\u79f0\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u5df2\u7ecf\u89e3\u51b3\u4e86\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u518d\u9700\u8981\u6218\u4e89\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5e74\u6765\uff0c\u786e\u5b9e\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u8868\u660e\u5168\u7403\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\u6570\u91cf\u6b63\u5728\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u778e\u4e86\u773c\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u8005\u624d\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u56fd\u9645\u51b2\u7a81\u7684\u5371\u9669\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5927\u56fd\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u51b2\u7a81\uff0c\u5df2\u7ecf\u88ab\u5f7b\u5e95\u6446\u8131\u3002<\/p>\n<p>6\u3001\u4f20\u64ad\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f88\u7b80\u5355<\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u4fdd\u5b88\u4e3b\u4e49\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u56fd\u9645\u4e3b\u4e49\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u601d\u60f3\u90fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4ec5\u662f\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6765\u8bf4\u4e5f\u8f83\u5bb9\u6613\u704c\u8f93\u5230\u5411\u5176\u4ed6\u601d\u60f3\u5f62\u6001\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6c11\u4e3b\u5316\u5c06\u8c03\u6574\u4e0d\u540c\u793e\u4f1a\u95f4\u7684\u6743\u529b\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6f5c\u5728\u5730\u5f15\u8d77\u793e\u4f1a\u5185\u90e8\u4e0d\u540c\u79cd\u65cf\u548c\u793e\u4f1a\u7fa4\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6743\u529b\u7684\u66b4\u529b\u4e89\u593a\u3002\u4e5f\u4e0d\u7ba1\u897f\u65b9\u793e\u4f1a\u5386\u7ecf\u597d\u51e0\u4e2a\u4e16\u7eaa\u624d\u57f9\u80b2\u4e86\u7a33\u5b9a\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u5f62\u6001\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8fc7\u7a0b\u8fd8\u7ecf\u5e38\u4f34\u968f\u7740\u6d41\u8840\u548c\u56f0\u96be\u3002\u800c\u4f60\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u770b\u5230\uff0c\u8fc7\u53bb\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u4ed8\u51fa\u52aa\u529b\u4f20\u64ad\u6c11\u4e3b\u7684\u7ed3\u679c\u603b\u662f\u559c\u5fe7\u53c2\u534a\uff0c\u4f46\u8fd9\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u7f8e\u56fd\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u652f\u67f1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>7\u3001\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u201c\u516c\u5171\u5916\u4ea4\u201d<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Public_diplomacy\" target=\"_blank\">(public diplomacy)<\/a>\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cbb\u6108\u53cd\u7f8e\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea<\/p>\n<p>911\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u7f8e\u4e3b\u4e49\u7edd\u5927\u591a\u6570\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u5bf9\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u8425\u9500\u5ba3\u4f20\u592a\u8fc7\u5dee\u52b2\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u5e9c\u62ff\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u201c\u63a8\u9500\u65b9\u6848\u201d\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u51cf\u5c11\u53cd\u7f8e\u4e3b\u4e49\u60c5\u7eea\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e03\u4ec0\u653f\u5e9c\u8058\u7528\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u66fe\u4efb\u5e7f\u544a\u6267\u884c\u5b98\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u58eb\u6765\u64e6\u4eae\u7f8e\u56fd\u8fd9\u4e2a\u201c\u724c\u5b50\u201d\uff08\u7ed3\u679c\u6ca1\u6709\u6210\u529f\uff09\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u7406\u89e3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\uff08\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\uff09\u4e0d\u60f3\u627f\u8ba4\u4ed6\u4eec\u906d\u5230\u7684\u5f88\u591a\u53cd\u5bf9\uff0c\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u7acb\u573a\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u4eec\u6b63\u5728\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u4ea7\u751f\u4e86\u8bef\u89e3\u3002\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u53cd\u7f8e\u60c5\u7eea\u7684\u51fa\u73b0\uff0c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4eba\u4eec\u6e05\u6e05\u695a\u695a\u77e5\u9053\u7f8e\u56fd\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u5bf9\u6b64\u8868\u793a\u4e0d\u5c51\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u53d1\u751f\u5728\u6211\u4eec\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u6709\u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u53cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u5f88\u591a\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u8981\u6bd4\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6700\u4e3a\u53cd\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5982\u4e2d\u4e1c\u7684\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u5730\u533a\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u7684\u79ef\u6781\u5f71\u54cd\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u76f8\u4fe1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ffd\u60a0\u4eba\u6c11\u62e5\u6234\u4f60\u7684\u653f\u7b56\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u4e0e\u4eba\u4eec\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u76f8\u6096\uff0c\u8fd9\u7edd\u5bf9\u662f\u6709\u5bb3\u65e0\u76ca\u7684\u75f4\u5fc3\u5984\u60f3\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u62b1\u7740\u8fd9\u79cd\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e0d\u4f1a\u518d\u53bb\u8003\u8651\u662f\u5426\u9700\u8981\u6539\u53d8\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n<p>8\u3001\u7f8e\u56fd\u662f\u201c\u826f\u6027\u9738\u6743\u201d<\/p>\n<p>\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u603b\u662f\u7528\u8912\u626c\u7684\u8bcd\u6c47\u6765\u8bc4\u4ef7\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5168\u7403\u89d2\u8272\uff1a\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u610f\u56fe\u662f\u9ad8\u5c1a\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u5927\u591a\u6570\u56fd\u5bb6\u5e94\u8be5\u611f\u6fc0\u6211\u4eec\u6240\u505a\u7684\u3002\u7b80\u800c\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u201c\u826f\u6027\u9738\u6743\u201d\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8fc5\u901f\u63a8\u65ad\u51fa\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b23\u8d4f\u559c\u7231\u7f8e\u56fd\uff0c\u8fd8\u60f3\u53d8\u5f97\u8ddf\u7f8e\u56fd\u4e00\u6837\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4e00\u4e9b\u56fd\u5bb6\u5bf9\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u5145\u6ee1\u611f\u6fc0\u662f\u6beb\u65e0\u7591\u95ee\u7684\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u4eba\u4e5f\u7fa1\u6155\u7f8e\u56fd\u793e\u4f1a\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u653e\u5927\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u56fd\u5bb6\u6b22\u8fce\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u652f\u914d\u6216\u662f\u60f3\u6548\u4eff\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u6e34\u671b\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u5f31\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u538c\u6076\u8fc7\u4e8e\u4f9d\u8d56\u5f3a\u8005\u7684\u201c\u5584\u610f\u201d\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5982\u679c\u5f3a\u8005\u4e0d\u65ad\u5730\u4efb\u610f\u652f\u914d\u6743\u529b\uff0c\u544a\u77e5\u522b\u4eba\u8981\u505a\u4ec0\u4e48\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5f31\u8005\u4e0d\u603b\u4f1a\u544a\u8bc9\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u771f\u5b9e\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7f8e\u56fd\u592a\u5f3a\u5927\u4e86\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ecd\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u4ece\u7f8e\u56fd\u8eab\u4e0a\u83b7\u5f97\u597d\u5904\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u7f8e\u56fd\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e2d\u53d7\u6b22\u8fce\u7a0b\u5ea6\u4e0e\u60f3\u8c61\u4e2d\u5e94\u5f97\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u53a2\u60c5\u613f\u4e86\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e5f\u80fd\u5e2e\u52a9\u6211\u4eec\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u7f8e\u56fd\u5728\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u548c\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7b49\u5730\u8868\u73b0\u4e0d\u4f73\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>9\u3001\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u8bae\u7a0b<\/p>\n<p>\u603b\u7edf\u7ade\u9009\u671f\u95f4\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4eba\u5458\u548c\u8fc7\u6e21\u56e2\u961f\u6210\u5458\u4f1a\u8349\u62df\u5907\u5fd8\u5f55\u548c\u610f\u89c1\u4e66\uff0c\u5199\u660e\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0a\u53f0\u9700\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u3002\u800c\u65b0\u653f\u5e9c\u6267\u653f\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u603b\u8981\u5bf9\u4ed8\u90a3\u4e9b\u4ed6\u4eec\u4ece\u672a\u9884\u6599\u7684\u96be\u9898\uff0c\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u8fd8\u8981\u5b8c\u5168\u6539\u53d8\u8bae\u7a0b\u3002\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u4ee4\u4eba\u60ca\u8bb6\uff1a\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u9884\u77e5\u7684\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u6709200\u591a\u4e2a\u56fd\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u884c\u52a8\u4f1a\u51fa\u5176\u4e0d\u610f\u5730\u89e6\u53ca\u7f8e\u56fd\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u4e0a\u53f0\u4e4b\u540e\uff0c\u672c\u6253\u7b97\u628a\u5173\u6ce8\u7126\u70b9\u79fb\u5230\u5927\u56fd\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u8fdb\u884c\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cd\u5efa\u201d(nation-building)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u906d\u9047\u4e86\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684911\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u968f\u540e\u4fbf\u5f00\u59cb\u6df1\u5165\u4f0a\u62c9\u514b\u548c\u963f\u5bcc\u6c57\u5b9e\u884c\u201c\u56fd\u5bb6\u91cd\u5efa\u201d\u8ba1\u5212\u3002\u76f8\u7c7b\u4f3c\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u56e2\u961f\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6599\u5230\u5230\u4f1a\u63d2\u624b\u5230\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u53d8\u9769\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u6599\u5230\u65e5\u672c\u6d77\u5578\u5730\u9707\u548c\u6838\u6cc4\u6f0f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u5bf9\u4e8e\u5176\u4ed6\u516c\u5171\u653f\u7b56\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u9886\u57df\uff0c\u56fd\u9645\u4e8b\u52a1\u5bf9\u968f\u673a\u5e94\u53d8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8981\u6c42\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u968f\u65f6\u5e94\u5bf9\u5b8c\u5168\u6ca1\u6709\u9884\u77e5\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u8fc7\u5206\u91ce\u5fc3\u52c3\u52c3\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4e2a\u5931\u8bef\uff1a\u4f60\u5fc5\u987b\u7ed9\u9884\u671f\u5916\u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5e94\u5bf9\u7559\u51fa\u4e00\u4e9b\u5904\u7406\u4f59\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n<p>10\u3001\u4e0b\u5c4a\u603b\u7edf\u9009\u4e3e\u540e\u4e00\u5207\u90fd\u4f1a\u597d\u7684<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3d\u7ba1\u7f8e\u56fd\u4eba\u5bf9\u653f\u6cbb\u5bb6\u5e76\u4e0d\u62b1\u591a\u5927\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4f46\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ee4\u4eba\u611f\u5230\u610f\u5916\u7684\u8d8b\u52bf\u662f\u4eba\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u8981\u73b0\u4efb\u9886\u5bfc\u4eba\u4e0b\u53f0\uff0c\u65b0\u4e00\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u4e0a\u4efb\u4e4b\u540e\u4e00\u5207\u5c31\u90fd\u4f1a\u597d\u7684\u30022000\u5e74\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u5f53\u9009\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6211\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5171\u548c\u515a\u670b\u53cb\u6109\u5feb\u5730\u65ad\u7136\u5ba3\u79f0\u7ec8\u4e8e\u8ba9\u201c\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u201d\u638c\u6743\u4e86\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8ba4\u4e3a\u514b\u6797\u987f\u653f\u5e9c\u91cc\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u4e0d\u61c2\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u4e1a\u4f59\u7684\u5bb6\u4f19\uff0c\u4ed6\u4eec\u786e\u4fe1\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u7684\u80dc\u5229\u4f1a\u8ba9\u4e8b\u60c5\u91cd\u65b0\u6b65\u5165\u6b63\u8f68\u3002\uff08\u5982\u679c\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u60f3\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e86\u5f53\u7136\u597d\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u9996\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u7684\u8868\u73b0\u53ea\u80fd\u886c\u6258\u51fa\u514b\u6797\u987f\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u51fa\u8272\u8868\u73b0\u3002\uff09\u5230\u4e862008\u5e74\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4eba\u53c8\u4e3a\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u7684\u5f53\u9009\u6b22\u6b23\u9f13\u821e\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u4e89\u8bba\u8bf4\u8fd9\u5c4a\u653f\u5e9c\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u626d\u8f6c\u5e03\u4ec0\u653f\u5e9c\u72af\u4e0b\u7684\u79cd\u79cd\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u5e26\u9886\u7f8e\u56fd\u91cd\u65b0\u56de\u5230\u81ea\u7531\u4e16\u754c\u53d7\u4eba\u7231\u6234\u7684\u9886\u5bfc\u8005\u7684\u6b63\u786e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f53\u7136\uff0c\u4e24\u4e2a\u5e0c\u671b\u90fd\u662f\u5e7b\u89c9\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u6b63\u5982\u6211\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\uff0c\u6c11\u4e3b\u515a\u4e0e\u5171\u548c\u515a\u7684\u5916\u4ea4\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5ea6\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u592a\u591a\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e00\u4e2a\u653f\u515a\u4e0b\u53f0\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd\u5916\u4ea4\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e2d\u7684\u4e3b\u6d41\u610f\u89c1\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u5f71\u54cd\u7f8e\u56fd\u653f\u7b56\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff08\u5982\u5229\u76ca\u96c6\u56e2\u3001\u6e38\u8bf4\u56e2\u4f53\u3001\u76df\u53cb\u627f\u8bfa\u3001\u5408\u6cd5\u7ea6\u675f\u3001\u5730\u7f18\u653f\u6cbb\u7b49\u7b49\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u56e0\u4e3a\u65b0\u4e3b\u4eba\u5165\u4f4f\u767d\u5bab\u800c\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u5965\u5df4\u9a6c\u5728\u8bb8\u591a\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\u5236\u5b9a\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u4e0e\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u7684\u60ca\u4eba\u76f8\u4f3c\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u4e0e\u5c0f\u5e03\u4ec0\u7b2c\u4e8c\u4e2a\u4efb\u671f\u540e\u671f\u7684\u76f8\u6bd4\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u53cd\u800c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u95ee\u9898\u4e0a\uff08\u5982\u5173\u5854\u90a3\u6469\u3001\u4f5c\u6218\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\uff09\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u4e0e\u7ade\u9009\u65f6\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e8b\u60c5\u8fd8\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u9762\uff1a\u76f8\u6bd4\u6c89\u8ff7\u4e8e\u75f4\u5fc3\u5984\u60f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eec\u4e5f\u4f1a\u72af\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e3a\u56f0\u96be\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u800c\u4e0d\u503c\u5f97\u8bf4\u51fa\u6765\u3002\u6362\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u201c\u6700\u574f\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u201d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e25\u91cd\u7684\u9519\u8bef\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e50\u89c2\u8fc7\u4e86\u5934\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"(Foreign Policy)<a href=\"http:\/\/ritawu.me\/blog\/2011\/05\/wishful-thinking-in-us-foreign-policy\/\" class=\"read-more\">\u9605\u8bfb\u5168\u6587<\/a>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[25,17],"class_list":["post-261","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-work","tag-25","tag-17"],"views":2929,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/ritawu.me\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/261","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/ritawu.me\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/ritawu.me\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ritawu.me\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ritawu.me\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=261"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"http:\/\/ritawu.me\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/261\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/ritawu.me\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=261"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ritawu.me\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=261"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/ritawu.me\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=261"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}